.svg){kind=small}
What is the GCC?
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a political and economic alliance formed between six countries in the Gulf region: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman.
The GCC was created in 1981 to increase cooperation and unity in the region and increase the strength and influence of the area. It covers cooperation in various areas, including the economy, security, culture, tourism, and social development.
The main goals of the GCC are:
- To strengthen ties and cooperation among the member countries.
- To promote economic integration and joint development.
- To ensure stability and security in the region.
- To work together on issues that are of shared interest (e.g., education, tourism).
- To strengthen the ties between people living in the region.
The headquarters of the GCC is in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and the supreme council is the main authority of the GCC, made up of the Heads of State from each member country. A GCC logo was created to increase the recognisability of the GCC alliance.
Member Countries of the GCC
The GCC is made up of the six Arab countries, located on the continent of Asia and bordering the Persian Gulf. The proximity of the six countries, their similar political structure, their Islamic beliefs, and their shared objectives resulted in the GCC alliance.
The GCC countries list is below:
Kingdom of Bahrain
Bahrain is the smallest of the GCC countries and is an island nation made up of 50 natural islands and 33 artificial islands, all of which are centred around Bahrain Island. Bahrain is an important financial hub in the Gulf region and is considered to be more liberal than its GCC neighbors.
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the GCC region and has the highest population. It has special significance as the birthplace of Islam and is home to the two holiest places in Islam – Mecca and Medina. Saudi Arabia also plays a central role in regional politics.
State of Kuwait
Kuwait is a small but wealthy country located at the northwestern corner of the Arabian Gulf. Its culture is deeply rooted in Islamic and Bedouin traditions and is known for its literary, artistic, and media influence in the Gulf.
Sultanate of Oman
Oman has modest oil reserves compared to its Gulf neighbours. However, it has a diversified economy focused on tourism, agriculture, and fisheries. It is known for its mountainous landscapes, deserts, coastlines, and its strong preservation of traditional culture.
State of Qatar
Qatar is one of the richest countries in the world, primarily due to its significant reserves of oil and natural gas. Qatar rose to international prominence when it hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2022.
United Arab Emirates
The UAE is an established tourist destination and receives the most international tourism from any of the Gulf countries. The UAE is made up of seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai (one of the most popular places to visit), Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah, and Fujairah, each with its own monarchy. The UAE is a major financial hub and has diversified its economy beyond oil, investing heavily in aviation, real estate, and technology.
GCC Visa and Travel Between Member States
The Unified GCC Visa, also known as the GCC Grand Tours Visa, is a new visa scheme, currently in development, that will allow eligible non-GCC nationals to visit one or all six GCC member countries using a single visa. The pilot scheme of the visa is expected to launch in the fourth quarter of 2025, with the visa being fully rolled out some time after that.
The Unified Visa is expected to have multiple benefits for travelers and the GCC region as a whole:
- Easier access across all six GCC nations with a single application rather than multiple separate visas.
- A simplified application process using one simple online application, with only one application fee.
- Increase in tourism as a result of the easier application process and the more affordable multi-country visa.
The Unified GCC Tourist Visa will be valid for short-term visits for purposes such as tourism and visiting family and friends. It will not be valid for other reasons, such as employment or residency in the GCC region.
The visa is expected to allow stays between 30-90 days, although the exact terms have not yet been announced. It is expected that applicants will be able to choose from a single-country visa or a multi-country unified visa, depending on their travel plans.
The application process will be completely online using one application portal. Upon approval, the visa will be sent electronically via email. Once launched, the Unified Visa is expected to completely transform travel across the Arabian Gulf region.
Tourism in the GCC
Tourism in the GCC region has changed drastically in recent years, from a secondary industry to an integral part of the region’s economies. Previously reliant on oil, GCC countries are actively diversifying their economies, with an increased focus on tourism. Tourism now plays a vital role in increasing non-oil GDP (Gross Domestic Product) across GCC nations, including:
- Direct and indirect job creation in sectors such as hospitality, aviation, transport, and retail.
- An increase in foreign investment, particularly in infrastructure (such as hotels, theme parks, and airports).
- Diversified revenue streams that are no longer dependent on oil.
The countries in the GCC region all have rapidly growing economies, partially due to increased tourism in the region, with the GCC region attracting millions of visitors every year. A combination of a rich culture and heritage and modern attractions has resulted in the region becoming a popular tourist destination.
In 2025, the Travel and Tourism industry in the GCC region is expected to be worth more than US$8.5 billion, with an expected yearly growth of 6.52%. At this rate of growth, the industry will be worth more than US$11.7 billion by 2030. It is also expected that overnight travelers are expected to double by 2030.
The number of investments in the tourism industry is at an all-time high in the GCC region, with a number of projects opening in the last few years or currently under construction. The Gulf countries’ list of notable projects includes:
NEOM (Saudi Arabia)
Announced in 2017, NEOM is a futuristic city currently under development in Saudi Arabia. It is expected to be completed in 2030 at a cost of $8.8 trillion.
Disneyland Abu Dhabi (UAE)
Announced in May 2025 by The Walt Disney Company, this will be the first Disney theme park in the Middle East and is expected to bring an influx of visitors.
Simaisma Project (Qatar)
Currently in development, the Simaisma Project will be located on 7km of beachfront and will offer 16 tourism zones, multiple resorts, a yacht marina, a golf course, and outdoor air conditioning.
FIFA World Cup 2022 (Qatar)
Not only did the World Cup bring an influx of tourism into the region, but stadiums and infrastructure have since been turned into entertainment and cultural zones.
Dubai Expo 2020 (UAE)
Expo 2020 took place between 2021 and 2022 and welcomed 24 million visitors from around the world.
What is the Culture and the People of the GCC Countries Like?
Although each country is very different, the six countries in the GCC share many common values and traditions. Many of those shared values and traditions are shaped by Islam being the dominant religion in all six countries. Islamic beliefs influence laws, daily routines, dress codes, and social norms. Despite the modernization in the region, traditions and traditional values continue to be important.
Cultural norms and practices to be aware of in GCC countries include:
- Dress
- Religious practices
- Social structure
- Language
Modesty is important in Arabic culture, and travelers should respect the local culture and dress. Traditional clothing is widely worn in GCC countries, with many women wearing an abaya and hijab, while some wear a niqab or burqa. Additionally, many men wear a thobe and ghutra.
Because all six countries are predominantly Muslim, many of the local people pray five times a day, attend mosque, and observe Ramadan. Friday (Jumu’ah) is the holy day, with special congregational prayers. Islamic holidays like Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are widely celebrated.
Family is central to society, with extended families living closely. Respect for elders and loyalty to one’s community are emphasized.
Many local people are bilingual, speaking both Arabic and English, particularly in cities, areas popular with tourists, and business settings.
What to Expect in Terms of Food and Weather in the GCC Countries
The cuisine in the GCC region is rich, flavorful, and rooted in Arab, Bedouin, Indian, Persian, and East African influences. There are different dining experiences depending on the country, different types of foods, and different traditions. Each country has its unique variations, but several staples are shared across the region, with a lot of delicious food. Famous food across the region includes:
- Kabsa / Machboos: A fragrant rice dish made with lamb or chicken, saffron, tomatoes, and spices.
- Harees: A slow-cooked wheat and meat porridge, often eaten during Ramadan.
- Jareesh: Crushed wheat cooked with meat or chicken and yogurt.
- Luqaimat: Deep-fried dough balls drizzled with simple or date syrup or honey.
- Majboos: Spiced rice with meat, commonly found in Kuwait and Qatar.
- Grilled meats: Lamb kebabs, chicken tikka, and mixed grill platters are everywhere.
The GCC countries have a desert climate. This means very hot summers, particularly inland, where temperatures can exceed 40°C (104°F). They also have typically low rainfall, although rain can occur in the winter months.
Safety and Crowd Levels in the GCC Countries
The GCC region is considered one of the safest in the world for both residents and tourists. With modern infrastructure, strict laws, and a focus on security, the member countries have a generally low crime rate and high levels of public safety.
Bahrain
Bahrain is modern and liberal, but still observes conservative social norms. It is generally considered safe, and it has a high police presence.
Kuwait
Kuwait is generally considered safe, and crimes against foreigners are rare. However, tourists are warned against traveling in the desert or wandering off-road, as there is a threat of landmines.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is increasingly open to tourism and is very secure. Women can travel alone but are advised to dress modestly and follow local customs. Religious sites like Mecca and Medina are tightly monitored, especially during Hajj and Umrah.
Oman
Oman is especially praised for the friendliness and kindness of the locals. Because Oman has such strict laws, the crime rates are low, and it is considered to be safe for tourists.
Qatar
Qatar is quiet and secure with a strong police presence, especially in Doha. It is home to major global events, with enhanced security during high-profile gatherings.
UAE
The UAE is one of the safest countries globally, especially the popular destinations of Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The UAE has well-developed emergency services and tourist assistance hotlines, and very low crime rates.
The GCC countries experience varying crowd levels based on the season, events, and religious observances. November to March is the most popular time to visit due to the cooler weather. Tourist attractions, hotels, and shopping malls can be busy, especially in popular tourist places such as Dubai, Doha, and Riyadh.
Religious seasons and celebrations can also influence crowd levels. During Hajj, expect huge crowds in Mecca and Medina. During Ramadan and Eid, cities in the region are more crowded after sunset, especially in traditional markets and family-friendly areas. Additionally, major events such as the Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Abu Dhabi Grand Prix and the Doha Cultural Festival can attract thousands of additional visitors.
What is the Best Time to Visit the GCC Countries?
There are many factors that influence the best time to visit the GCC region.
Bahrain
The best time to visit Bahrain is usually between November and March, when temperatures are cooler. In the summer, temperatures can be extremely high, rising above 40 °C (104 °F). For sports lovers, March or April is usually when the Bahrain Grand Prix takes place, and this can be a great time to visit, but it may be busier, and hotel prices may be higher.
Saudi Arabia
Spring and fall are typically considered the best times to visit because of the cooler temperatures. However, travelers may also want to take the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, into account when planning their trip to Saudi Arabia, as millions of Muslims from around the world travel to Saudi Arabia. Hajj begins on the 8th day of Dhul-Hijjah (typically 70 days after Ramadan ends), but expect Saudi Arabia to be much more crowded than usual in the weeks surrounding Hajj.
Kuwait
Kuwait City is often cited as the hottest city in the world, reaching temperatures of 53.2 °C (127.7 °F). Spending time outside in the summer months is almost impossible. The best time to visit is between October and April.
Oman
Aside from the hot summer months (June-August), Oman is popular all year round. The Muscat Festival (a month-long festival celebrating Omani art and culture) takes place in January, which is a great experience for tourists, but it can mean Muscat is busier.
Qatar
The weather in Qatar ranges from 20-45 °C (68-113 °F). The most popular time to visit is during the shoulder months (October-November and February-March), with the hot temperatures in the Summer making outdoor activities difficult.
UAE
Summer in the UAE is characterised by extreme heat and is considered the low season in the UAE, meaning prices are usually lower and the country is less crowded. The most popular time to visit is from September to April, when the heat is more manageable.
Top Things to Do and Must-Visit Places in the GCC
GCC countries offer tourists a mix of cultural heritage, modern attractions, desert adventures, luxury experiences, and natural wonders, with something for everyone in the region. Some of the best things to do in the region include:
Shopping in world-class malls and marketplaces
For many tourists, shopping is one of the best things to do in the region, and, for many, is what they are known for, particularly luxury shopping, fashion, gold and jewelry, dates, spices, and Arabic perfumes. The most popular shopping destinations are:
- Dubai Mall, Mall of the Emirates, and Global Village (Dubai, UAE)
- Villaggio Mall and Souq Waqif (Doha, Qatar)
- The Avenues (Kuwait City, Kuwait)
- City Centre Bahrain and Gold City (Manama, Bahrain)
- Red Sea Mall (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)
- Muttrah Souq (Muscat, Oman)
Desert adventures
Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Riyadh offer popular desert safaris with dune bashing, sandboarding, camel rides, and Bedouin-style dinners. Alternatively, Oman’s Wahiba Sands is a quieter, scenic alternative for desert camping and stargazing.
Culture and heritage experiences
There are several UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the region, including:
- Historic Jeddah, the Gate to Makkah (Saudi Arabia)
- Al-Hijr Archaeological Site (Saudi Arabia)
- Bahla Fort (Oman)
- The Faya Palaeolandscape (UAE)
- Pearling Trail (Bahrain)
- Al Zubarah (Qatar)
Beach and water activities
The Arabian Gulf coastline offers beautiful beaches for swimming, diving, jet skiing, and snorkeling. Popular beach spots include Dubai, Fujairah, Salalah, and Qatar’s Banana Island.
Modern entertainment and family attractions
There are many modern attractions for people of all ages, including:
- Theme parks: Popular theme parks include Ferrari World (Abu Dhabi), IMG Worlds of Adventure (Dubai), KidZania (Kuwait), and Warner Bros. World (Abu Dhabi).
- Observation decks: The GCC region is home to some of the most famous observation decks in the world, including the Burj Khalifa and The View Palm Jumeirah in Dubai.
Travel Tips for Visiting the GCC Countries
When visiting the GCC region, it is important to follow the practical tips below to ensure a safe and successful trip:
- Respect local customs
- Protect yourself from the sun
- Be aware of prayer times
- Carry identification
- Be mindful during Ramadan
Dress modestly, especially in religious sites, conservative areas, and during religious periods (e.g., Ramadan). For women, covering shoulders and knees is recommended, and men should avoid sleeveless shirts. Additionally, public displays of affection are generally discouraged.
The sun is extremely strong, and humidity can be high. Carry water at all times, especially during hot months, and use sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses. Visit between November and March for comfortable temperatures. Avoid outdoor activities during midday in summer.
Many businesses close briefly during prayer times (5 times a day), so plan accordingly.
Always have a copy of your passport or another accepted photo ID while out. In some countries, such as Bahrain, this is the law, and failure to show a photo ID when asked can result in a fine.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours as a sign of respect.
FAQs
The Gulf countries that form the GCC are Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman.
Visa requirements vary by country and nationality. Many GCC countries offer e-visas or a visa on arrival for certain nationalities. Once launched, the GCC Unified Visa will be a great option for eligible nationalities as they can visit all GCC countries on a single visa.
The Unified Tourist Visa “GCC Grand Tours Visa” pilot scheme is expected to launch towards the end of 2025, meaning eligible individuals may be able to apply for the visa very soon. However, it is not yet known when the visa scheme will be fully rolled out. Consult the latest GCC visa news for the most up-to-date information.
Each country has its own currency. For example, the UAE uses the UAE Dirham (AED), Saudi Arabia uses the Saudi Riyal, and Oman uses the Omani Rial. Currency exchange services and ATMs are widely available in all GCC countries.